The key components of Android architecture include:

Applications:

The top layer where user applications reside.

Can be pre-installed system apps or third-party apps downloaded from the Play Store.

Application Framework:

Contains the building blocks for developing Android applications.

Key components include:

• Activity Manager: Manages the life cycle of applications and provides a common navigation backstack.
• Content Providers: Enable applications to share data.
• View System: An extensible set of views used to create application interfaces.
• Resource Manager: Provides access to non-code resources like localized strings, graphics, and layout files.

Native C/C++ Libraries:

Essential libraries for core functionalities.

Includes libraries for media playback, graphics rendering (OpenGL), SQLite for database management, and more.

Android Runtime (ART):

Responsible for executing and managing Android applications.

Introduced ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation, improving app performance.

Linux Kernel:

The foundation layer of the Android system.

Provides core services like process management, memory management, and device drivers.