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C# Variable & Data Types

Objectives

What is Variable and Data Types?
Integers (int, long, short)
Floating-point numbers (float, double)
Characters (char)
Booleans (bool)
Strings (string)
Enums

What is Variable and Data Types?

Variable is a named storage location in the computer's memory where you can store data for later use in your program.

Data type specifies the type of data that a variable can hold.

Integers

It represents whole numbers without any fractional:

int: Represents signed 32-bit integers.
long: Represents signed 64-bit integers.
short: Represents signed 16-bit integers.

                                                    
                                                        int age = 30;
                                                        long population = 7800000000;
                                                        short temperature = -10;

Floating-point numbers (float, double)

It represent numbers with a fractional:

float: Represents single-precision floating-point numbers.
long: Represents signed 64-bit integers.
double: Represents double-precision floating-point numbers.

                                                    
                                                    float pi = 3.14f;
double gravity = 9.81;

Characters (char)

Used to represent single characters:

char: Represents a single Unicode character.

                                                    
                                                    char grade = 'A';
char symbol = '$';

Booleans (bool)

Used to represent true or false values:

bool: Represents Boolean values (true or false).

                                                    
                                                    bool isRaining = true;
bool hasPassedExam = false;

Strings (string)

Used to represent sequences of characters:

string: Represents a sequence of Unicode characters.

                                                    
                                                    string name = "John Doe";
string message = "Hello, World!";

Enums

Used to define a set of named integral constants:

enum: Defines a new enumeration type with a set of named constants.

                                                    
                                                    enum DaysOfWeek
{
    Monday,
    Tuesday,
    Wednesday,
    Thursday,
    Friday,
    Saturday,
    Sunday
}

DaysOfWeek today = DaysOfWeek.Wednesday;